沙市中學(xué)報（93-2）
發(fā)表: 2011-01-12 17:10:33 瀏覽: 6077 次
湖北高考英語完成句子題指導(dǎo)
從2007年開始，湖北省高考英語試題新增了“完成句子”的題型。在2007年和2008年的高考試卷中該題型都放在了第二部分“英語語言知識運用”中的第二節(jié)中.在2009年，該題型改在第四部分“書面表達(dá)”中的第一節(jié)中,該題型題目和題干要求一直是：“共10小題，每小題1.5分。每小題在一句話中留出空白，要求考生根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示，用句末括號內(nèi)的英語單詞完成句子。”該題型考查的重點為英語語言知識的綜合運用。根據(jù)近三年的考題來看，該題型的考查語法內(nèi)容基本覆蓋了高中階段要求掌握的語法知識，同時也涉及漢英翻譯技巧的運用，但詞匯知識考查力度不大。因此，我們在復(fù)習(xí)時要按照全國高考考試大綱規(guī)定的語法項目進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)，把語言的形式、意義和用法有機(jī)結(jié)合起來，在語境中了解和掌握語法的表意功能。下面我們就該題型的考試范圍做一個簡短的分析和指導(dǎo)。
一.主要考試范圍
1. 時態(tài)：一般英語基本時態(tài)在初中、高中課本中都已出現(xiàn)。復(fù)習(xí)備考時重點應(yīng)放在幾個容易出錯的時態(tài)上，如：一般現(xiàn)在時(最容易出錯是第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時，動詞需加-s)、現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。判斷時態(tài)時一定要根據(jù)語句中相關(guān)的時間詞語和上下文中的一些線索。
2. 非謂語動詞：是僅次于時態(tài)的一個必考的語法項目。非謂語動詞包括“-ing形式，動詞不定式和分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)”三種形式。“主動-ing;被動過去分詞;將要做的事動詞不定式”，是我經(jīng)常要求學(xué)生記住的話。此句前面的主動、被動和將要做的事是指動詞與之相應(yīng)名詞的關(guān)系，后面講的是應(yīng)該填的形式。但這只能說明大多數(shù)情況下，不能概括全部。
3. 被動語態(tài)：在謂語動詞和非謂語動詞考題中有很多題都涉及到被動語態(tài)。但許多學(xué)生在做題時比較容易忽略被動語態(tài)，因為漢語里的被動語態(tài)在漢語句子中?？刹惶?。請大家做題時需要特別注意這樣兩種情況：一是物做主語，二是及物動詞或短語后缺賓語。這時要多考慮被動語態(tài)。因為物一般不會自己發(fā)出動作，及物動詞后缺賓語的情況就很可能是賓語被提到前面做主語了，這兩種情況下用被動語態(tài)的可能性很大。當(dāng)然，這也不是絕對的。
4. 從句：分為定語從句、狀語從句和名詞性從句(包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)。做從句題時一定要注意選對正確的連詞和正確的時態(tài)。一般情況下從句都要有連詞，部分情況下連詞可省略。選時態(tài)時一定要參照主句的時態(tài)。
5. 情態(tài)動詞：根據(jù)近三年的考點來看，復(fù)習(xí)重點可放在“情態(tài)動詞 + have done“ 結(jié)構(gòu)和虛擬語氣上?！扒閼B(tài)動詞 + have done“結(jié)構(gòu)表對過去事情的推測。如： must have done (表肯定推測) ;could/may/might have done (表“可能”);can’t/couldn’t have done(表“不可能”或“肯定不”)。虛擬語氣有should/ought to have done (本應(yīng)該做卻沒做); shouldn’t/ought not to have (本不應(yīng)該做卻做了); could/might have done (本可以做卻沒做); would have done (本要去做卻沒做);needn’t have done (本沒必要做卻做了)和suggest(ion)，order，command，require等動詞或名詞后跟賓語從句或同位語從句，表語從句，主語從句等，后接”主語+(should)+動詞“的結(jié)構(gòu)。
6. It的用法：it在英語中是一個非?；钴S的詞匯，它可以涉及到好幾個英語語法項目。其中有：⑴.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型： it is /was…that/who…。⑵. It做形式主語：It is no use/good/worthwhile doing ，It takes sb…to do… ，It occurred to me that等。⑶. it做形式賓語： make it clear that…，make it possible for sb to do等。⑷. 固定搭配： It is (high) time that…did/should do…，It is/was the first time that…h(huán)ave/had done…，It won’t be long before….等。
7. 倒裝句： 現(xiàn)將倒裝句的幾種情況歸納如下：⑴.表否定意義的詞或短語置句首時。如：never, seldom, little, not，“介詞+no+名詞“短語等。⑵. So/such…that…句型中so/such置句首時，主句主謂要倒裝。⑶. only+狀語置句首時。⑷. So/nor/neither+助動詞+主語 ,表“······也(不)”。⑸. As引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的倒裝。⑹. If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句if省略時的倒裝。
8.幾種?？冀Y(jié)構(gòu)：⑴. 表示倍數(shù)的用法：倍數(shù)(twice/three times)+ as + 形容詞原級/+ 形容詞比較級 + than/+ the + 名詞 + of + 比較對象。⑵. 形容詞比較級的兩個固定結(jié)構(gòu)：The + 比較級 + 句子，the + 比較級 + 句子，the + 比較級 + of the two。⑶. “of +(greet)+名詞=形容詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。⑷. with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)(doing/to do /done/介詞/副詞/形容詞/名詞等)的結(jié)構(gòu)。⑸. can’t … too …。再…也不過分。⑹. 動詞 + 人 + 介詞(in /on /by) + the + 部位。
二.要注意的幾個問題：
1、要確定語法考點。此題型的主要目的是考查考生對語法的掌握和運用程度。所以大家做題時，首先要考慮該題是考什么語法項目。一旦語法出錯，此題就無分可言。待確定語法考點后再來思考詞匯和語境。建議大家在復(fù)習(xí)備考時，多做一些考語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯結(jié)合的題，而不應(yīng)該做一些純考詞匯的題，以便加強(qiáng)高考題型的針對性訓(xùn)練。
2、要分析語法分布。每套題的設(shè)計肯定會盡量涉及到高中階段要求掌握的各項語法知識。考生做題時，要牢記高中階段要求掌握的各項語法知識，學(xué)會分析該套試題語法考點的分布。這樣可幫助選對語法考點，提高正確率。
3、要確保動詞正確。在語法中，動詞是非常重要的組成部分，所以要特別注意動詞的運用。填動詞時首先要判斷是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。如果是謂語動詞就要認(rèn)真考慮應(yīng)該用什么時態(tài)，也包括語態(tài);如果是非謂語動詞，就要認(rèn)真考慮用什么樣的形式，動詞不定式，-ing形式，還是過去分詞，有時也要考慮非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。
4、要注重翻譯技巧。英語句子在一定的語境中有它固定的結(jié)構(gòu)，千萬不要用漢語亂來套，要根據(jù)英語的特點和注意翻譯技巧，如：在做疑問句,賓語從句和感嘆句時要注意疑問語序和陳述語序問題;再需注意一些特殊的英語結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯。這些結(jié)構(gòu)前面講了常用的一部分。在學(xué)習(xí)英語過程中還有許多，這些結(jié)構(gòu)都需特別記牢。
5、要看清試題要求。題干上明確要求“用句末括號內(nèi)的英語單詞完成句子”。如果不用所給的詞，盡管你的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思都是正確的，但你的答案是不能得分的。因為你沒有按要求做題。
三.下面根據(jù)以上指導(dǎo)來做進(jìn)行一些訓(xùn)練：
(1)
1. Computer (發(fā)揮著一個重要的作用) in human activities today. (play)
2. The students in the community colleges usually spend two years there , (學(xué)習(xí)很多不同的科目). (study)
3.Without the bloody war in the country two years ago, these lovely children
(本來能夠度過一個幸福的童年). (pass)
4.She is always doing everything for her son ,which is _______ (她錯誤所在)。(go )
5. (必須采取有效措施) to stop the fire spreading, or the whole building will be destroyed. (measure)
6. A Dream of the Red Chamber____________(據(jù)說已經(jīng)翻譯成) dozens of foreign languages in the latest decade. (translate)
7. Since you have done it, (你說什么也沒有用). (whatever, difference)
8. At the thought of (他在英語上已取得了進(jìn)步)，he will think of the strict and kind teacher.(progress)
9. So (編輯如此生氣) that he tore the letter into pieces and threw them into the dustbin. (angry)
10. It was (你遲到) made the teacher very angry. You must come earlier next time!(come)
(1)
1. plays an important role
2. studying many different subjects
3. could have passed a happy childhood
4. where she goes wrong
5.Effective measures must be taken
6. is said to have been translated into
7. whatever you said made no difference
8. the progress (that/which) he has made in English
9. angry was the editor
10. your coming late that
To Love but Not To Pursue
by Marksim,Ma Guangshun Class One, Grade Three
When I first fell in love with singing, I couldn't help pumping out my full breath, exhausting my entire vigor of emotions, pursuing an ideal state that my impressive voice is able to stick in the mind of every one of my audiences. I yearn after such an effect that everyone can be touched by my tone, and that the same tune of sentiment will gush from the bottom of their hearts. This is a state of art which is so far away to reach. But at present, I'm only a obscure singer, not an eminent artist.
When I first fell in love with writing, my enthusiasm for creating enlarged intensely. I went so far as to scribble my every sudden flash of inspiration on a piece of paper. I racked my brains to consider every element----every word and even every punctuation in my article. I fantasized that one day I would become a celebrated writer and on this impulse, I got the dissatisfaction at myself so long as I came across a masterpiece. But masters as they are, a nobody as I am.
Every time I fall in love with something, I pursue the superb degree. But however much passion I possess, I have neither proficient skills nor specific abilities. I embark on it as a green hand. I'm first with it as a nobody. Encountered by such untoward circumstances, I was confused for long. Finally I came up with an idea, an attitude for an enthusiast to be equipped with----to love but not to pursue.
When you love something thoroughly and have developed the ambition to go far, be aware of the obstacles and embarrassment you may have to sustain. They're foes against your amour of confidence and aspiration. They defeat you step by step in a way of corrossion. And where does the crux lie in? It's in the mood of rashness, which is rooted in pursuing blindly. This is a poor quality of mind which invisibly strengthened those foes against an enthusiast, against you and me.
To love but not to pursue. When you try this attitude and keep it your faith, you'll find yourself striving in a thoroughgoing manner. You'll find yourself making surprising progress. You'll one day find yourself having achieved your goal and realized your dream.
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